Thursday, December 21, 2017

New Comptroller Stringer Report: NYC’s Economy More Diversified Since 2000, But May Not Be Less Susceptible to Future Economic Downturns


Despite increased diversification, wages and middle-class job growth remain concerns for the City’s economy


As New York City approaches the 10-year anniversary of the 2008 financial crisis, Comptroller Scott M. Stringer today released a first-of-its-kind report that looks at the diversification of the city’s economy. The report“New York City’s Economy Has Become More Diverse: So What?” highlights that, although the City economy is more diversified than it was in 2000, it is not necessarily better positioned to weather future downturns or deliver long-term, robust economic benefits to working- and middle-class New Yorkers.
The new report examines the old adage that “when Wall Street sneezes, the City catches a cold” — and it examines the theory that a more diversified economy is less vulnerable to both industry-specific shocks, such as a financial market crash or a broader economic downturn. The report finds that New York City’s diversification since 2000 will likely yield stronger job growth in the future.  At the same time, however, the analysis concludes that job growth will not necessarily be more stable, because many of the new jobs are just as vulnerable to an economic downturn as the jobs they replaced. The report also notes that middle class job growth has lagged behind lower wage sectors, where many of the new jobs are being created.
“We need to build a robust, thriving middle-class. Wall Street is still a big part of our economy, but we must keep nurturing burgeoning sectors that allow working New Yorkers to move up the economic ladder with good-paying jobs. From tech to healthcare, from education to the arts, industries that support working New Yorkers matter. We have to keep diversifying so that we aren’t too reliant either on Wall Street or jobs that would be susceptible to being lost in the event of a downturn. But we have to embrace a thoughtful approach,” said New York City Comptroller Scott M. Stringer. “While we’ve made extraordinary job gains since the Great Recession, we’re facing new challenges. This analysis shows that diversification by itself is not a panacea. The industries that are growing today are just as vulnerable as Wall Street. Our affordability crisis is mounting, wage growth is stagnant, and underemployment remains a concern. That’s why we need to take smart, strategic steps to build the resilient economy of the future, with higher wages, better working standards, and strong jobs for everyone.”
Specifically, the report found:
New York City’s Economy Has Diversified Since 2000
  • Between 2000 and 2016, New York City’s economy has become modestly more diversified.
  • Job growth has been strong:  Since the 2008 recession, the number of jobs in New York City has increased by 15.8%, while the number of jobs on Wall Street has fallen by 5%.
  • Despite the increase in economic diversification, New York City still lags behind many other major metro areas — ranking 22nd out of the 30 largest metro areas, behind a number with significantly smaller economies, including Orlando, FL; Charlotte, NC; Cleveland, OH; Phoenix, AZ; Pittsburgh, PA; and Kansas City, MO.

The City Is Less Diversified than Many Other Major Metropolitan Areas

The analysis found that the increase in New York City’s diversification since 2000 occurred due to faster job growth in industries that were less concentrated, such as food services and ambulatory healthcare, and slower growth in those with higher concentrations (like finance and social assistance).

Diversification of the City Economy by Sector

Increased Economic Diversity Does Not Make New York City Less Vulnerable to Economic Downturns
Studies of major metro area economies have shown a connection between greater economic diversity and smaller employment and wage fluctuations during an economic downturn. This report examined if New York City’s increased economic diversity would lead to less vulnerability.
  • The analysis found that the current composition of employment in New York City is expected to result in only minimally less volatility in the event of another economic downturn.
  • Employment volatility declined from 2.2% in 2000 to 2.1% in 2016. This is because jobs in historically volatile sectors, such as finance (4.6% volatility), have largely been replaced by an even greater number of jobs in sectors that are almost as volatile, such as food services (3.3% volatility).
  • The volatility of wage growth declined by a slightly larger margin, from 5.3% in 2000 to 5.0% in 2016. This is primarily due to the fact that the security industry’s share of jobs has decreased.
Diversification is Projected to Lead to Higher Job Growth
  • The report found that the more-diversified New York City economy of 2016 resulted in projected annual job growth of 1.4 percent, compared to 1.1 percent under the less-diversified 2000 economy.
A More Diverse Economy Has Not Brought Higher Wages
  • Job growth, however, doesn’t tell the full story. While the security industry is more volatile, it also has a far higher average wage, $375,000, compared to a citywide average of $86,000.
  • As the city’s economy became more diversified between 2000 and 2016, the number of low-paying jobs skyrocketed. Specifically:
    • The number of low paying jobs, with incomes below $45,000 a year, grew by 39.2%;
    • The number of middle-income jobs, paying between $45,000 and $100,000 a year, grew 12%; and
    • The number of high paying jobs, with incomes over $100,000 a year, grew just 7.6%.
  • The Comptroller’s Office conducted an analysis to examine what the average income in the City would be in 2016 if the ratio of high, middle, and low paying jobs had not changed from 2000. Due to the larger number of high-paying Wall Street jobs in 2000, the average wage would have been approximately $92,000 in 2016 if the 2000 job composition had remained unchanged — higher than the actual 2016 average of $86,000.

Low-Pay Jobs Have Grown Most Rapidly

The Export Sector Has Declined, While Local Industries Boomed
  • The report also found that the number of jobs in “traded” or “export” industries — like finance and media in New York City, which provide goods and services outside the local economy — fell by 69,000 from 2000 to 2016.
  • At the same time, the number of local sector jobs, which provide services within the New York City economy, grew by 620,000.
  • In 2016, the average job in a traded industry made $80,000 more than one in the local sector.
  • Overall, traded industries represented 39% of employment and 53% of wages in 2000. In 2016, those rates had fallen to 31% and 48%, respectively.
The report concludes that as diversification has increased, the City’s economy has not necessarily become less volatile and wages for working- and middle-income New Yorkers have not grown significantly — despite continually rising job growth. It also highlights a number of policy focuses for the City in response to both the positive and negative aspects of our more diversified economy. They include:
  • The City should continue to promote sectors that have existing strengths and can grow the middle class, such as tech, professional and business services, higher education, and finance.
  • The city’s income distribution is becoming more U-shaped, with concentrations of high- and low-income households and fewer middle-income ones. The City must focus on keeping and creating more middle-income jobs and training New Yorkers to succeed in them.
To read the full report, click here.


Council Member Ydanis Rodriguez Congratulates Council Member Corey Johnson as the Next Council Speaker


  "After many months of hard work sharing my vision for our city as a candidate for Speaker of the New York City Council, today I am proud to congratulate my colleague and friend Council Member Corey Johnson on securing the support of the majority of our colleagues. It has been a pleasure to know and work with Corey the last four years. His leadership at both as Co-Chair of the Manhattan Delegation and  Health Committee have been vital in pushing our city to create policies that give access to all. I am sure that his historic election as City Council Speaker will serve to make our city and the Council so much stronger. 

In Corey, I know we will have a Speaker that will work day and night to ensure that the interest of the most vulnerable New Yorkers is top priority. I am confident that in the next four years my colleagues and I under the leadership of Council Member Corey Johnson will usher in a new path for our city. I look forward to working with Corey in shaping a vision for a transparent and inclusive New York City for all.

Sincerely,
Ydanis Rodriguez

BP DIAZ HOSTS ANNUAL CHESS CHALLENGE


  On December 19, 2017, Bronx Borough President Ruben Diaz Jr., AT&T and Chess in the Schools co-hosted the Bronx Borough President’s Annual Chess Challenge at the Bronx County Building’s Veterans’ Memorial Hall.

More than 200 students from all over The Bronx participated in the tournament, which featured chess aficionados from grades 3-8 testing their skills against one another. Winners in each division were presented awards by Borough President Diaz, AT&T Northeast Region President Marissa Shorenstein and Chess in the Schools President & CEO Debbie Eastburn at the event’s conclusion.

“This is one of my favorite events I love to host because these young chess-masters are learning the importance coming up with a long-term strategy, thinking several steps ahead as far as implementing that strategy, and the patience that goes with adjusting to your opponent’s moves,” said Bronx Borough President Ruben Diaz Jr. “Chess reinforces mental discipline on and off the chessboard, and these participants are learning lessons that will carry with them as they grow up and become the future leaders of our great borough. I want to thank AT&T and Chess in the Schools for their continued support of this wonderful event.”

"As a lifelong chess player myself, I know how valuable these skills are to young, developing minds. AT&T supports the Bronx Borough President’s Chess Challenge with Chess in the Schools each year to help give the most underserved students in the Bronx the knowledge and confidence that chess provides, and which they need to succeed in school and beyond," said Marissa Shorenstein, President, Northeast Region, AT&T. “We look forward to continuing to work with Borough President Diaz on this initiative as well as so many other events serving the Bronx community.”

“Chess education is thriving in the Bronx! Our students are thrilled to play in the beautiful Bronx Borough Hall and to meet their Borough President, Ruben Diaz Jr.!,”said Debbie Eastburn, President & CEO of Chess in the Schools.

Chess in the Schools has been teaching and empowering more than a half-million students in the most underserved communities throughout New York City, since 1986, helping students learn to use chess as an educational tool to promote learning and critical thinking.

Wave Hill Events Jan 5‒Jan 12


We expect the gardens to end the year on a quiet note, which will resonate into the new year. Spend the first Saturday morning of the year focused on your wellbeing at a special workshop. Or make the weekend family-time at what is a time-honored Family Art Project—a garden-y vision for the next 12 months. 

Don’t be discouraged if you notice that the trip to Magazzino Italian Art is just for Members. Join today and reap all the benefits of Wave Hill Membership. Opened earlier this year, Magazzino was described by critic Nancy Princenthal in The New York Times (“Contemporary Art Steams Up the Hudson”, August 24, 2017) as a “horseshoe of elegant galleries surrounding a ghostly piazza,” providing “an almost comically sleek home for the Nancy Olnick and Giorgio Spanu collection of postwar and recent Italian art. Their concentration is Arte Povera, a term coined by Germano Celant in 1967 that means, roughly, impoverished art.” The expedition includes lunch and a visit to the studio of a local artist.

Our best wishes for a healthy and peaceful new year!


Sat, January 6    Family Art Project: Create Your Year—Hello 2018!
Check out a farmer’s monthly seed calendar explaining what fruits and vegetables to plant when. What do you want to see grow in 2018? Create an abundant garden or personal vision for your very own calendar at this signature Wave Hill program. Free, and admission to the grounds is free until noon. 
WAVE HILL HOUSE, 10AM‒1PM


Sat, January 6    Wellness Workshop: Yoga Nidra and Sound Bath
Yoga Nidra, or yogic sleep, is a healing practice that deepens relaxation, releases tension and helps to strengthen the immune system. During the winter, cold, damp and dark conditions outdoors may manifest inside our bodies as feelings of stiffness, sluggishness and low energy. Using breath work and restorative poses enhanced by the sounds of sacred singing bowls, teachers from Yoga Haven guide you to awaken your mind while bringing warmth and balance to your body. $55/$45 Wave Hill Member. Registration required, online at wavehill.org or onsite at the Perkins Visitor Center. 
WAVE HILL HOUSE, 10AM−NOON


Sun, January 7    Family Art Project: Create Your Year—Hello 2018!
Check out a farmer’s monthly seed calendar explaining what fruits and vegetables to plant when. What do you want to see grow in 2018? Create an abundant garden or personal vision for your very own calendar at this signature Wave Hill program. Free with admission to the grounds. 
WAVE HILL HOUSE, 10AM‒1PM


Sun, January 7    Garden Highlights Walk
Join a Wave Hill Garden Guide for an hour-long tour of seasonal garden highlights. Free with admission to the grounds.
MEET AT PERKINS VISITOR CENTER, 2PM

Mon, January 8   
Closed to the public.


Mon, January 8    Members Trip: Magazzino Italian Art and Hudson Valley Artist’s Studio
Explore the all-new private-warehouse art space Magazzino Italian Art, in Cold Spring, NY. Focusing on post-war and contemporary Italian art, Magazzino—meaning warehouse in Italian—hosts select works from the Olnick Spanu Collection, most never having been exhibited in the U.S. After a brief stop for lunch, join Hudson Valley artist Laura Kauffman for an afternoon tour of her studio in Beacon, NY. $65 Wave Hill Member includes tours and transportation, lunch on your own at a local restaurant. Registration required, online at wavehill.orgor onsite at the Perkins Visitor Center. Snowdate: Monday, January 22.
MEET AT WAVE HILL FRONT GATE, 9:30AM–4PM


A 28-acre public garden and cultural center overlooking the Hudson River  and Palisades, Wave Hill’s mission is to celebrate the artistry and legacy of its gardens and landscape, to preserve its magnificent views, and to explore human connections to the natural world through programs in horticulture, education and the arts.

HOURS  Open all year, Tuesday through Sunday and many major holidays: 9AM–4:30PM, November 1–March 14. Closes 5:30PM, starting March 15.

ADMISSION  $8 adults, $4 students and seniors 65+, $2 children 6–18. Free Saturday and Tuesday mornings until noon. Free to Wave Hill Members and children under 6.

PROGRAM FEES  Programs are free with admission to the grounds unless otherwise noted.

Visitors to Wave Hill can take advantage of Metro-North’s one-day getaway offer. Purchase a discount round-trip rail far and discount admission to the gardens. More at http://mta.info/mnr/html/getaways/outbound_wavehill.htm

DIRECTIONS – Getting here is easy! Located only 30 minutes from midtown Manhattan, Wave Hill’s free shuttle van transports you to and from our front gate and Metro-North’s Riverdale station, as well as the W. 242nd Street stop on the #1 subway line. Limited onsite parking is available for $8 per vehicle. Free offsite parking is available nearby with continuous, complimentary shuttle service to and from the offsite lot and our front gate. Complete directions and shuttle bus schedule at www.wavehill.org/visit/.

Information at 718.549.3200. On the web at www.wavehill.org.

DE BLASIO ADMINISTRATION ANNOUNCES DWI CRACKDOWN AND CONTINUED DEDICATION TO "DUSK AND DARKNESS" SAFETY CAMPAIGN


In darkest days of year, NYPD and DOT will redouble season-specific efforts to deter reckless driving that have helped keep pedestrian fatalities at record lows this year; In addition to DWI enforcement, the City also offers code for discounted cab rides via the Curb app

  Mayor Bill de Blasio announced that as New York City enters the darkest week of the year, traditionally one of the most deadly for pedestrians, it would redouble its efforts around the trailblazing Dusk and Darkness campaign as part of Vision Zero. As part of the holiday season, de Blasio Administration officials spoke at One Police Plaza to also announce an NYPD crackdown against intoxicated driving.  They reminded drivers of the ongoing Dusk and Darkness campaign — and the need to obey the speed limit, slow down, yield to pedestrians when turning and continue to expect heightened enforcement – especially in the dusk and evening hours.  To discourage drunk driving, the City also announced a discount code for $10 off a taxi ride taken with the Curb app.

“As the holidays arrive, we can be grateful for Vision Zero’s continued progress this year, as we have continued to drive down deadly crashes — particularly those involving pedestrians — while traffic fatalities nationally continue to rise,” said Mayor de Blasio. “But we cannot rest on that achievement, especially as we enter these most dangerous solstice days and celebrate holidays where New Yorkers may be tempted to drink and drive. As part of its Dusk and Darkness efforts, the NYPD will be out in force, and its focused DWI enforcement will make sure we protect New Yorkers during this holiday season.”

Before the first Dusk and Darkness campaign launched in October 2016, DOT had conducted close analyses of year-over-year crash trends and had observed that the earlier onset of darkness in the fall and winter was highly correlated to an increase in traffic injuries and fatalities (see “heat map”).  Prior to last year, severe crashes involving pedestrians increased by nearly 40 percent in the early evening hours compared to crashes outside the fall and winter; evening hours in the third week of December had the highest pedestrian fatality rates of the entire year.  During the course of the first Dusk and Darkness safety campaign a year ago, New York City had seen a 25% decline in fatalities compared to the year before.

“With the shortest day of the year coming tomorrow, we are so pleased by the continued success of Dusk and Darkness — and that motorists appear to have heeded our calls to drive more safely, as we have seen historic pedestrian fatality declines this year ,” said DOT Commissioner Polly Trottenberg.  “But these are not just numbers; those fatalities were friends and loved ones.  So even as our Vision Zero efforts have helped us achieve such results, we need to stay vigilant for behavior that can so quickly undo our efforts.  If you are celebrating over the holidays, have a designated driver, take a subway or grab a discounted cab. However you are celebrating, do not drink and then get behind the wheel. ”

“Reduced visibility during this busy time of year makes it especially dangerous for pedestrians,” said NYPD Commissioner James P. O’Neill.  “So we’re reminding everyone—especially motorists—of our shared responsibility to keep each other safe. Slow down, make careful turns and don’t drink and drive. Police will be out citywide looking for violators, and they’ll be prepared to issue summonses and make arrests.” 

“Today there are more ways than ever before to get around town with the tap of a phone, a call, or a hand in the air,” said TLC Commissioner and Chair Meera Joshi. “There are thousands of available yellow and green taxis and for-hire vehicles in all sizes.  You can even choose to share a ride or go solo or choose an accessible vehicle.  So this holiday season, there is no reason to compromise your safety or the safety of others as you are out celebrating.  TLC drivers are available at a moment’s notice to get you to where you want to go safely.”

DWI Enforcement Citywide: DOT data show that DWI-related traffic fatalities show a dramatic increase in the holiday period.  Recognizing this increased seasonal danger, NYPD will focus on finding and arresting intoxicated drivers during the holiday season.  The focus on DWI will be down to the precinct level, including through the use of random checkpoints.  TLC enforcement officers will also deploy citywide to ensure that taxis and other for-hire services are putting safety first for their passengers, fellow drivers and pedestrians.

“Know Your Limit” Campaign features $10 Off Rides via Curb App:  “Know Your Limit” is an on-street campaign educating New Yorkers about the dangers of drinking and driving. Whether enjoying a night on the town or celebrating the holidays with family and friends, New Yorkers should always plan ahead, especially because New York City already provides thousands of designated drivers – taxi drivers, bus drivers, and subway conductors. As part of “Know Your Limit,” New Yorkers are encouraged to book a safe ride home on the Curb app, which connects its users to over 13,000 licensed NYC taxis. 

Users who have downloaded the Curb app  at gocurb.com/appin the App Store or at Google Play can use the promotional code “2NODWI” to get $10 off rides.  Beginning this week, a limited number of promotional codes will be available through New Year’s Day.  To redeem the discount, riders simply download and register their credit card on the app.  Enter the promo code in the payments section and a $10 credit will be applied to the rider's fare for one ride for the remainder of the holiday season. 


Tuesday, December 19, 2017

STATEMENTS FROM MAYOR DE BLASIO AND CORPORATION COUNSEL CARTER ON COURT OF APPEALS DECISION ALLOWING WATER BOARD CREDIT TO PROCEED


  Mayor Bill de Blasio said: “The court’s decision clears the way for the Water Board to provide welcome financial relief for more than 664,000 New York homeowners. They can now receive a credit on an upcoming water bill, keeping money in the pockets of hard working New York families. This New Year we can celebrate another critical step towards building a more fair and equitable city.”

Corporation Counsel Zachary W. Carter said: “We are pleased that this state’s highest court has declared that the Water Board may lawfully take into account those residents who have been excluded from past rate relief programs.”

Flight Attendant Charged In Manhattan Federal Court With Airport Security Violations And Unlicensed Money Transmitting


  Joon H. Kim, the Acting United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, and Angel M. Melendez, the Special Agent in Charge of the New York Office of the Department of Homeland Security, Homeland Security Investigations (“HSI”), announced yesterday’s arrest of SCOTT McKINNEY, a flight attendant, for conspiracy to violate airport security requirements and operation of an unlicensed money transmitting business.  McKINNEY will be presented later today in federal court in San Diego, California, before United States Magistrate Judge Andrew G. Schopler.

Acting U.S. Attorney Joon H. Kim said:  “As alleged, Scott McKinney abused his privileges as an airline employee, misusing the Known Crewmember lane to smuggle hundreds of thousands of dollars through security, in furtherance of an illegal money transmitting business.  Thanks to the dedicated investigative work of HSI, McKinney’s illegal money transmitting business has been grounded.”

HSI Special Agent in Charge Melendez said:  “As a Known Crewmember, McKinney allegedly took advantage of the security access allowed with his position by transmitting large sums of money across the country without a license. Those who choose to use their position’s security clearance at our airports to smuggle cash, narcotics, or any other unlawful good, pose a significant threat to our national security and our efforts are centered to shut down that vulnerability.”
According to the Complaint filed today in Manhattan federal court:[1]

Between July and November 2017, McKINNEY, a flight attendant based in California, conspired with others to operate an unlicensed money transmitting business and to violate airport security requirements.  On several occasions, McKINNEY flew from California to New York to pick up packages containing $50,000 or more in cash at JFK Airport or other locations in New York City.  McKINNEY then flew back to California with the cash.  On some of these occasions, McKINNEY was on the ground at JFK Airport for two hours or less before flying back to California.  At the time of these trips, McKINNEY did not have a money transmitting license in New York or California, and was not registered as a money transmitter with the U.S. Department of the Treasury’s Financial Crimes Enforcement Network.  In a statement to HSI agents on or about September 15, 2017, McKINNEY admitted that he was aware of the licensing requirement and lacked such a license.

To facilitate the operation of his illegal money transmitting business, McKINNEY used the Known Crewmember (“KCM”) lane to bypass regular airport security screening.  The KCM lane allows approved airline crewmembers to pass through security more quickly and, typically, without having their carry-on luggage screened.  On several occasions, McKINNEY wore his crewmember uniform and used the KCM security lane – even though he was not working on those occasions – to smuggle bulk cash through airport security. 

For example, on September 15, 2017, McKINNEY flew from Los Angeles, landed at JFK Airport not wearing his crewmember uniform, entered the terminal, changed into his uniform, and retrieved a package from a co-conspirator in the airport parking garage.  McKINNEY then used the KCM lane to smuggle the package through security.  HSI agents subsequently approached McKINNEY while he was waiting to board a return flight to Los Angeles.  During a search of McKINNEY’s carry-on luggage, agents found the package that he had just received in the parking garage, which contained approximately $54,000 in cash.  McKINNEY told the agents that, on several prior trips, he had transported bulk cash from New York to California and then given the cash to a co-conspirator at the airport in Los Angeles.

McKINNEY, 49, of San Diego, California, was arrested on December 18, 2017, in San Diego.  McKINNEY is charged with one count of conspiracy to enter an aircraft or airport area in violation of security requirements and one count of conspiracy to operate an unlicensed money transmitting business.  Each count carries a maximum sentence of five years in prison. The statutory maximum sentences are prescribed by Congress and are provided here for informational purposes only, as any sentencing of the defendant will be determined by the judge. 

Mr. Kim thanked HSI for its outstanding work on this investigation.  He added that the investigation is continuing.

The charges contained in the Complaint are merely accusations, and the defendant is presumed innocent unless and until proven guilty.
 
[1] As the introductory phrase signifies, the entirety of the text of the Complaint and the description of the Complaint set forth herein constitute only allegations, and every fact described should be treated as an allegation.

Queens Music School Teacher Sentenced To More Than 11 Years In Prison For Sex Trafficking Of Minors


  Joon H. Kim, the Acting United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, announced that OLIVER SOHNGEN, a/k/a “Helmuth Moss,” a/k/a “Stephan Weierbach,” was sentenced today to 135 months in prison for sex trafficking of minors.  SOHNGEN pled guilty on August 10, 2017, before U.S. Magistrate Judge Ronald L. Ellis, and was sentenced today by U.S. District Judge Lewis A. Kaplan.

Acting Manhattan U.S. Attorney Joon H. Kim said:  “Oliver Sohngen, a teacher at a music school for children, was a sexual predator.  He paid to have sex with minor girls at least twice, and attempted to engage in sex trafficking of girls under the age of 14.   His significant sentence will ensure that he is no longer a threat to our community, in particular, our children.  We remain committed to prosecuting all those who, like Sohngen, prey on our most innocent and vulnerable victims.”

According to the Complaint and Information filed against SOHNGEN, other court documents publicly filed in this case, and statements made in court proceedings, including today’s sentencing:

Between March 2013 and November 2013, SOHNGEN exchanged text messages with a co-conspirator to arrange paid sexual encounters with minor girls ranging in age from 8 to 17.  On at least two occasions, SOHNGEN engaged in sexual contact with minor girls at the co-conspirator’s apartment in the Bronx, New York.  In addition, between November 2015 and January 2016, SOHNGEN participated in recorded telephone conversations with an undercover NYPD officer who was posing as a 15-year-old girl. SOHNGEN proposed to meet with the purported 15-year-old girl in order to engage in sexual conduct.

In addition to the prison term, SOHNGEN, 52, of Queens, New York, was sentenced to 10 years of supervised release.

Mr. Kim praised the outstanding investigative work of HSI and the NYPD, and expressed gratitude for the efforts of HSI’s New York Trafficking in Persons Unit and the NYPD’s Vice Enforcement Division Major Case Team.  Mr. Kim also expressed gratitude to the Bronx County District Attorney’s Office for its partnership in this investigation.