DEC ANNOUNCES CLIMATE-ADAPTIVE DESIGN STUDIO OPPORTUNITY FOR HUDSON WATERFRONT COMMUNITIES

 

Innovative Design Projects to Reduce Flood Risks and Help Communities Adapt to Climate Change

 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC) Commissioner Basil Seggos today announced an opportunity for Hudson Riverfront municipalities to host the Cornell University Department of Landscape Architecture’s Climate-adaptive Design (CaD) Studio this fall. The CaD Studio links Cornell University students in landscape architecture with communities interested in exploring design alternatives for more climate resilient and connected waterfront areas. 

“DEC is proud to partner with Cornell University and local experts on the ground to help prepare New York's waterfront communities for the challenges that go hand-in-hand with our changing climate,” said Commissioner Seggos. “The Climate-adaptive Design Studio opportunity announced today supports New York State’s ongoing efforts to boost and improve community readiness for the threats posed by extreme weather events and sea-level rise on the tidal Hudson River and is an example of the all-hands-on-deck approach required to meeting the climate challenge head on.”

The CaD Studio is a collaboration between DEC’s Hudson River Estuary Program and the Cornell University Department of Landscape Architecture. Student design teams meet with community members and other local stakeholders to develop an understanding of the unique waterfront opportunities and challenges, focusing on public access, economic development, as well as ecological and climate resilience. Over four months, the students create waterfront designs that encourage water-dependent use of shoreline property, provide public access to waterfronts, improve resilience to current and future flood risk, and use nature-based solutions for stormwater management and shoreline stability. Community stakeholders have opportunities to provide feedback to student teams as the designs are developed, and the host community is provided with the designs at the end of the semester.

Brian Rahm, Director of the New York State Water Resources Institute at Cornell University said, "The design studio, one part of a long-term partnership between DEC, Cornell University and Hudson Valley communities, is the creative force driving conversation about inspiring and practical climate change adaptation opportunities."

Riverfront municipalities in the tidal portion of the Hudson are eligible to submit a letter of interest to host the Fall 2022 CaD Studio. Applicants are asked to characterize risk to their waterfront, identify relevant policy and planning efforts already underway, and demonstrate support from a cross-section of waterfront community stakeholders for participation in the CaD Studio process. The host community must commit to engaging key stakeholders to interact with the student design teams through in-person and online meetings. The host community must also demonstrate willingness and ability to promote and advance CaD Studio concepts and principles after the end of the semester. 

In 2021, DEC awarded $250,000 grants to the town and village of Ossining and the city of Hudson, previous CaD Studio host communities, to advance the design and implementation of CaD-inspired projects on their riverfronts.

Interested municipalities can learn more about the Climate-adaptive Design Process by visiting https://tinyurl.com/CaDLearnMore. An informational webinar about the CaD Studio opportunity will be held on April 5 from 1:30 p.m. to 3 p.m. To register, visit https://tinyurl.com/CaD2022Webinar. Interested participants must submit a letter of interest to Lyndsey Cooper, Hudson River Estuary Program Climate Outreach Specialist, via email at Lyndsey.Cooper@dec.ny.gov by 5 p.m. on Monday, May 2, 2022. Visit https://tinyurl.com/CaD2022Instructions for instructions on submitting a letter of interest.

Funding for the CaD Studio is provided by New York’s Environmental Protection Fund (EPF) and is administered by DEC's Hudson River Estuary Program in partnership with the New York State Water Resources Institute. In her 2022-23 Executive Budget, Governor Kathy Hochul proposed increasing the EPF to $400 million, the highest-ever level of funding in the program's history. The EPF provides funding for critical environmental programs such as land acquisition, farmland protection, invasive species prevention and eradication, enhanced recreational access, water quality improvement, and an aggressive environmental justice agenda. 

Attached photos of previous design projects Courtesy of NYSDEC:

Poughkeepsie CAD Studio stakeholder meeting to review Cornell student design concepts incorporating nature-based solutions for stormwater and shoreline management in the city of Poughkeepsie.

Kingston Point Phase II- Kingston wetland and dock; tiered beaches at Kingston Point. Supermass Studio designed the climate-adaptive wetland and dock and tiered beaches for a Kingston Point climate-adaptive to enhance native tidal wetlands while integrating public access corridors and recreational opportunities. The firm evaluated sea-level rise scenarios at Kingston Point beach, which is already experiencing flooding, and provided the necessary design, engineering, and permitting documentation for the city of Kingston to finalize the plans. ($125,000 contract awarded May 2019)

Piermont Phase II. Henningson, Durham and Richardson Architecture and Engineering, P.C. (HDR) designed a living shoreline that incorporates vegetation and other natural elements, such as oysters or mussel beds, with harder shoreline structures to stabilize and protect Piermont’s waterfront. ($125,000 contract May 2019)

Russian Oligarch Charged With Making Illegal Political Contributions

 

Andrey Muraviev Charged with Conspiring to Fund One Million Dollars in Illegal Donations

 Damian Williams, the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, and Michael J. Driscoll, the Assistant Director-in-Charge of the New York Field Office of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (“FBI”), announced the unsealing of an indictment against ANDREY MURAVIEV, a/k/a “Andrey Muravyov,” a Russian citizen, charging him with making illegal political contributions as a foreign national, and conspiring to make illegal political contributions as a foreign national in the names of straw donors.  Muraviev is charged with conspiring with Lev Parnas, Andrey Kukushkin, and Igor Fruman, and others, who were convicted at trial or have pleaded guilty to these crimes.      

U.S. Attorney Damian Williams said: “As alleged, Andrey Muraviev, a Russian national, attempted to influence the 2018 elections by conspiring to push a million dollars of his foreign funds to candidates and campaigns.  He attempted to corrupt our political system to advance his business interests.  The Southern District of New York is committed to rooting out efforts by foreigners to interfere with our elections.”

FBI Assistant Director-in-Charge Michael J. Driscoll said:  “As alleged, Muraviev, a Russian foreign national, made illegal political contributions and conspired with Parnas, Kukushkin and Fruman to obscure their true source.  The money Muraviev injected into our political system, as alleged, was directed to politicians with views favorable to his business interests and those of his co-conspirators.  As today’s action demonstrates, we will continue to aggressively pursue all those who seek to illegally effect our nation’s elections.”

As alleged in the indictment against MURAVIEV and as proven during the trial against his co-conspirators:

In the spring of 2018, MURAVIEV, Kukushkin, Fruman, and Parnas decided to launch a business aimed at acquiring retail cannabis and marijuana licenses in the United States. As part of that plan, MURAVIEV agreed to wire $1 million, through a series of bank accounts, to Fruman and Parnas to fund hundreds of thousands of dollars in political contributions they had made or promised to make before the elections in November 2018.  The purpose of the donations was to curry favor with candidates that might be able to help MURAVIEV and his co-conspirators obtain cannabis and marijuana licenses.  MURAVIEV’s money was used to reimburse and fund federal and state political donations in Florida, Nevada, and Texas, and MURAVIEV also agreed that the funds would pay for donations to politicians in New York and New Jersey. MURAVIEV traveled to Nevada as part of these efforts, and received regular updates from Kukushkin about the co-conspirators’ progress politically. To obscure the fact that MURAVIEV was the true donor of the money, the funds were sent to a business bank account controlled by FRUMAN’s brother, and then the donations were made in FRUMAN’s and PARNAS’s names.

MURAVIEV, 47, of Russia, is charged with (1) conspiring to make contributions and donations by a foreign national and in the name of another person, which carries a maximum sentence of five years in prison; and (2) making contributions by a foreign national, which carries a maximum sentence of five years in prison.  The maximum statutory penalties are prescribed by Congress and are provided here for informational purposes only, as any sentencing of the defendant would be determined by a judge.

MURAVIEV is believed to be in Russia and remains at large.  The case is assigned to Southern District of New York U.S. District Judge J. Paul Oetken, who presided over the trial of Parnas and Kukushkin.

Mr. Williams praised the outstanding investigative work of the FBI and its New York Field Office.

This case is being handled by the Office’s Public Corruption Unit.  Assistant U.S. Attorneys Rebekah Donaleski, Aline R. Flodr, Nicolas Roos, and Hagan Scotten are in charge of the prosecution.

The charges contained in the Indictment are merely accusations.  The defendant is presumed innocent unless and until proven guilty.

Attorney General James and Governor Hochul File Legal Action in Supreme Court to Block New Jersey From Terminating Waterfront Commission

State of New York Files Complaint Against State of New Jersey in U.S. Supreme Court

Seeking Injunction to Prevent Dissolution of Bi-state Law Enforcement Commission 

New Jersey's Withdrawal from Compact Would Result in Immediate and Irreparable Harm to New York

 New York Attorney General Letitia James and Governor Kathy Hochul today filed legal action in the United States Supreme Court to block New Jersey from terminating the Waterfront Commission created by New York and New Jersey for the port that the two states share. The complaint invokes the Supreme Court's jurisdiction to seek a declaratory judgment and both preliminary and permanent injunctions to prohibit New Jersey from breaching the congressionally approved Waterfront Commission Compact between New York and New Jersey. New Jersey's withdrawal would likely cause immediate and irreparable harm to New York, resulting in increased criminal activity, higher prices on incoming goods, and racial and gender inequities in hiring at the port.

“For decades, the Waterfront Commission has been a critical partnership to keep our ports and our communities safe,” said Attorney General James. “New Jersey’s attempt to terminate this commission is unlawful, ill-advised, and infringes on our efforts to crack down on crime. This commission has long proved to be a necessary force to root out corruption and organized crime, and we will use every tool at our disposal to ensure its powers remain intact and our communities benefit from its important work.”

“Protecting the safety of New Yorkers and our vital industries is my top priority, and we cannot afford to lose the Waterfront Commission’s unique authority and expertise in combatting crime at our port,” said Governor Hochul. “In light of current geopolitical uncertainty, the termination of the Waterfront Commission would cause immediate and irreparable harm to New York state, from increased crime to higher prices to employment inequities. It is our responsibility to New Yorkers to stop New Jersey’s unlawful actions and preserve the ongoing work of this law enforcement agency.”

The bi-state Waterfront Commission was created in 1953 to address organized crime at the port, which spans areas in both states. For more than 60 years, the Commission has worked to investigate, deter, combat, and remedy criminal activity and influence and to ensure fair hiring and employment practices at the port. The Commission has had many successes, including by providing unique bi-state assistance to federal and state investigations, and it is a vital law enforcement agency performing the critical work of combatting organized and violent crime.  

The work of the Commission is far from over. Commission investigations continue to result in convictions of individuals associated with organized crime families, seizures of illegal drugs and firearms, and seizures of financial proceeds from illegal drug trafficking, loan sharking, and gambling. Organized crime enterprises' attempts to exert influence over both sides of the port are ongoing. 

Those who are connected to organized crime or other corrupt enterprises are often rewarded with high paying, low-show, or no-work special compensation packages. These special compensation packages have a detrimental economic impact on the port and the New York metropolitan area. The Commission oversees the licensing and registration of the waterfront workforce, including background checks to prevent individuals with mob ties from joining the workforce, and also works with employers and union leadership to ensure fair and non-discriminatory hiring and labor practices at the port. The Commission is the central repository of intelligence pertaining to criminality and organized crime influence in the port. In screening prospective workers, the Commission employs sophisticated investigative techniques not only to detect prior criminality, but also to root out associations between prospective longshore candidates and organized crime figures and career criminals. 

Weakening or ultimately terminating the Commission’s ability to conduct criminal investigations and background checks and regulate the hiring, registration, and licensing of waterfront employees will likely increase opportunities for individuals associated with organized crime enterprises to obtain employment at the port or otherwise exert control over port operations. This could result in increased opportunities for the port to be used for criminal activity, such as the importation and distribution of dangerous contraband — including narcotics and guns. Increased criminal activity at the port would also likely result in increased prices for goods that flow through the port and into New York and the surrounding region.

The Commission's unique authority and expertise are essential to overseeing activity on both sides of the port. Despite the need for the Commission to continue its work unimpeded, New Jersey has stated that it intends to withdraw unilaterally from the compact and terminate the Commission. New Jersey's action would violate federal law, and the state does not have the power to abolish the Commission without New York's consent, as the compact is both a binding contract and a federal statute, and its terms provide that it may be amended only by concurring legislation passed by both states.  

The complaint filed in the Supreme Court requests that the court preliminarily and permanently enjoin New Jersey from taking any action to further its unilateral withdrawal and declare that any such action is unlawful and void to preserve and protect the Waterfront Commission and the interstate agreement that created it. 

NYS OASAS Announces Launch of New Campaign to Raise Awareness of the Recovery Friendly Workplace Tax Credit

 

Recovery Tax Credit Provides Tax Breaks of up to $2,000 for Each Employee in Recovery from a Substance Use Disorder that they Hire

 

New Campaign Will Help to Raise Awareness of the Program and Benefits to Hiring Individuals in Recovery

The New York State Office of Addiction Services and Supports (NYS OASAS) today announced the launch of a new media campaign to raise awareness of the Recovery Friendly Workplace Tax Credit. This tax credit program was established in 2019 and is designed as an incentive to hire individuals in recovery from a substance use disorder by giving their employers the opportunity to receive a credit on their taxes.

“Having reliable employment can be an important factor in the recovery process for many people who are impacted by substance use disorder.” OASAS Commissioner Chinazo Cunningham said. “This new campaign will help get the word out about this important program, which has benefits for both employees and businesses, and will further support the recovery community here in New York State.”

The new media awareness campaign includes radio, print, streaming audio, and social media ads, in both English and Spanish. The campaign will run statewide through September, which marks the observance of Recovery Month across the country.

The Recovery Friendly Workplace Tax Credit is the first program of its kind in the nation. It supports eligible employers who hire individuals in recovery from a substance use disorder by providing a tax credit of up to $2,000 per employee, depending on hours worked. A total of $2 million in tax credits is available statewide. The program is designed to help rid the workplace of the stigma surrounding addiction, as well as increase employment opportunities for those in recovery. More information about the program, including how to apply, is available here.

New Yorkers struggling with an addiction, or whose loved ones are struggling, can find help and hope by calling the state’s toll-free, 24-hour, 7-day-a-week HOPEline at 1-877-8-HOPENY (1-877-846-7369) or by texting HOPENY (Short Code 467369). 

Available addiction treatment including crisis/detox, inpatient, residential, or outpatient care can be found using the NYS OASAS Treatment Availability Dashboard at FindAddictionTreatment.ny.gov or through the NYS OASAS website. 

If you, or a loved one, have experienced insurance obstacles related to treatment or need help filing an appeal for a denied claim, contact the CHAMP helpline by phone at 888-614-5400 or email at ombuds@oasas.ny.gov.

PUBLIC ADVOCATE CALLS FOR DEEPLY AFFORDABLE, SAFE, SUPPORTIVE HOUSING IN BUDGET TESTIMONY

New York City Public Advocate Jumaane D. Williams today repeated his calls for the city to immediately and aggressively address the ongoing housing and homelessness crisis throughout the five boroughs in the city’s upcoming budget. In testimony submitted to a hearing of the Committee on Housing and Buildings, the Public Advocate stressed the need to make major investments to help tenants, homeowners, and homeless New Yorkers recover from the pandemic in safe and deeply affordable housing. The urgent call for safe, deeply affordable housing options comes as five unhoused people in New York and Washington D.C. have been attacked by a gunman in recent days, two fatally.

“The City of New York has been in a perpetual housing crisis suffering from landlord abandonment and neglect to the current state of speculation by developers,” said Public Advocate Jumaane D. Williams. “At the center of this crisis is the affordability of NYC’s existing housing stock, the need for more supportive and special needs housing, as well as more housing for low, extremely low, and middle-income New Yorkers.”

The Public Advocate called for both expanding and creating new programs in the City’s FY 2023 budget. He spoke in support of the Moving On program, which would provide supporting housing residents the resources they need to find permanent housing; the HomeFirst program, which would enable HPD to more than double its grant amounts to qualified homebuyers; and MESH, which, with the additional funding requested, will provide low-cost internet services for up to 350 households. The Public Advocate emphasized that “all three programs will provide the extra needed support to our most vulnerable communities who face housing insecurity and inequities.”

New Yorkers are also facing another crisis that threatens their safety and housing security: catastrophic fires. “While creating new viable permanent housing options, NYC must turn its attention to what is trending in all five boroughs—fires. During the past two years, we have seen a drastic increase in building fires and fatalities.” The Public Advocate called for better access to services and relief for all fire victims. "Earlier this year, the Bronx experienced one of the deadliest fires in decades. Many of these tenants were displaced and unable to return back to their homes. As a result, NYC provided temporary shelter, relocation assistance, and emergency housing vouchers. We need to ensure that there is ample funding to continue to provide these vital services to those residents who have survived a fire.”

He concluded by reiterating his call for additional staffing in key HPD and DOB positions. “We cannot afford a headcount reduction that will slow down the production of much needed permanent and affordable housing, nor inspectors who assist in the preservation of our housing stock.”

The Public Advocate's full testimony is below.

TESTIMONY OF PUBLIC ADVOCATE JUMAANE D. WILLIAMS

TO THE NEW YORK CITY COUNCIL

COMMITTEE ON HOUSING & BUILDINGS

MARCH 14, 2022

Good afternoon, 

My name is Jumaane D. Williams and I am the Public Advocate for the City of New York. Chair Sanchez, thank you for the opportunity to provide testimony at the Preliminary Budget Hearing for the Committee on Housing & Buildings. My testimony will address housing issues and construction/building safety issues as overseen, respectively, by the Department of Housing, Preservation and Development (hereinafter “HPD”), and the Department of Buildings (“DOB”).

The City of New York has been in a perpetual housing crisis suffering from landlord abandonment and neglect to the current state of speculation by developers. At the center of this crisis is the affordability of NYC’s existing housing stock, the need for more supportive and special needs housing, as well as more housing for low, extremely low, and middle-income New Yorkers. According to a 2017 Housing Vacancy Survey, most New Yorkers were paying more than 30% of their income towards rent and one-third of New Yorkers were paying as much as 50% towards their rent.

Three HPD programs totaling $5.8M in the FY2023 budget will assist in partially addressing some existing issues that were exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic. The Moving On Program, a $800,000 pilot program, is an initial step in the right direction for the City to tackle the homelessness crisis by taking tangible actions. This program provides supportive housing residents the resources they need to find permanent housing—an extremely difficult task pre-pandemic and one that risked exposure during. The second, HomeFirst, is a down payment program that will enable HPD to more than double its grant amounts for qualified homebuyers to $100,000. The additional $4M in federal funds will allow more New Yorkers the opportunity to become homeowners. Hopefully, this will lessen the homeownership gap among marginalized communities. The third program will put an additional $1M into MESH by providing low-cost internet services for up to 350 households in rental assistance programs in Coney Island and in Far Rockaway. This program can be the bridge to the digital divide that countless New Yorkers still face and creating opportunities for some New Yorkers to work from home who could not do so before. I believe all three programs will provide the extra needed support to our most vulnerable communities who face housing insecurity and inequities.

While creating new viable permanent housing options, NYC must turn its attention to what is trending in all five boroughs—fires. During the past two years, we have seen a drastic increase in building fires and fatalities. Earlier this year, the Bronx experienced one of the deadliest fires in decades. Many of these tenants were displaced and unable to return back to their homes. As a result, NYC provided temporary shelter, relocation assistance, and emergency housing vouchers. We need to ensure that there is ample funding to continue to provide these vital services to those residents who have survived a fire. We need more inspectors who can identify violations that can potentially cause a fire, as well as to address the increase of emergency complaints. Emergency complaints such as lack of heat and hot water put lives in danger. In fact, the Twin Parks Fire in the Bronx was a result of faulty portable heaters being used because of lack of heat in the building.

Meanwhile, NYC saw an 33% increase in emergency complaints from 2020 to 2021. As a result, HPD inspectors issued 43% more violations and 31% more emergency violations. It is important that HPD inspectors not be part of any proposed headcount reduction since the reality is that we need more boots on the ground.

The FY2023 preliminary budget implements a headcount reduction of 28 positions and to fully understand the impact to the agency, we need to know what positions are being eliminated and from what units. Housing advocates have reported a delay in the production of affordable and supportive housing units that can be associated with the de Blasio Administration’s hiring freeze and a sluggish rehiring process. We cannot afford a headcount reduction that will slow down the production of much needed permanent and affordable housing, nor inspectors who assist in the preservation of our housing stock.

Lastly, construction in NYC came to a standstill as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic and although there are some stalled constructions sites, many sites resumed work once emergency orders were lifted. Notwithstanding, DOB’s projected revenues in FY2023 still falls short of the pre-pandemic levels. I wonder how much of the shortfall is related to a slower rebound of the construction industry and if it’s a result of the current 21% staff vacancy rate. I would like to know whether a fully staffed DOB would generate additional revenues beyond the current headcount vacancy savings. Moreover, I would like to know what positions are currently vacant and whether those vacant positions compromise workplace and construction safety.

In conclusion, we cannot have unsafe buildings and work sites that place the lives of New Yorkers at risk. To ensure the safety of all New Yorkers, I am calling on the HPD and DOB to increase the number of inspectors. While the headcount for each agency cannot be decreased, it also cannot remain fixed at its current levels.  

Thank you. 

STATEMENT FROM NEW YORK CITY MAYOR ADAMS ON ALBANY BUDGET RESOLUTIONS

 

New York City Mayor Eric Adams today released the following statement regarding the recent budget resolutions from Albany:

 

“Today’s budget resolutions reflect issues I have fought for long before I was mayor, including expanding the Earned Income Tax Credit to put money back in the pockets of families, allocating critical capital dollars for NYCHA infrastructure, and funding universal childcare to give parents peace of mind. On behalf of all New Yorkers, I want to thank the state legislature for investing in our social safety net system, so no one falls through the gaps. I look forward to continuing my work with Albany lawmakers to pass a budget that meets the needs and priorities of our city.”

 

Governor Hochul Updates New Yorkers on State's Progress Combating COVID-19 - MARCH 14, 2022

 

Less Than 1,000 Positive Cases Reported, Fewest Daily Cases Since July 18

10 COVID-19 Deaths Statewide Yesterday

 Governor Kathy Hochul today updated New Yorkers on the state's progress combating COVID-19.

"As we mark two years since the first confirmed death from COVID-19 in New York State, it's meaningful to see how effective our fight against the virus has been," Governor Hochul said. "We've made real progress over the course of this pandemic thanks to trusted tools like vaccines and boosters. Millions of New Yorkers have been vaccinated and boosted, and I encourage everyone to talk to their doctor and schedule a vaccine for yourself and your family."

Today's data is summarized briefly below:

• Test Results Reported - 62,039
• Total Positive - 902
• Percent Positive - 1.45%
• 7-Day Average Percent Positive - 1.42%
• Patient Hospitalization - 1,083 (+31)
• Patients Newly Admitted - 87
• Patients in ICU - 168 (-6)
• Patients in ICU with Intubation - 94 (-5)
• Total Discharges - 288,478 (+129)
• New deaths reported by healthcare facilities through HERDS - 10
• Total deaths reported by healthcare facilities through HERDS - 54,960

The Health Electronic Response Data System is a NYS DOH data source that collects confirmed daily death data as reported by hospitals, nursing homes and adult care facilities only.

• Total deaths reported to and compiled by the CDC - 69,689

This daily COVID-19 provisional death certificate data reported by NYS DOH and NYC to the CDC includes those who died in any location, including hospitals, nursing homes, adult care facilities, at home, in hospice and other settings.

• Total vaccine doses administered - 37,230,759
• Total vaccine doses administered over past 24 hours - 8,068
• Total vaccine doses administered over past 7 days - 94,890
• Percent of New Yorkers ages 18 and older with at least one vaccine dose - 91.8%
• Percent of New Yorkers ages 18 and older with completed vaccine series - 83.2%
• Percent of New Yorkers ages 18 and older with at least one vaccine dose (CDC) - 95.0%
• Percent of New Yorkers ages 18 and older with completed vaccine series (CDC) - 85.9%
• Percent of New Yorkers ages 12-17 with at least one vaccine dose (CDC) - 82.1%
• Percent of New Yorkers ages 12-17 with completed vaccine series (CDC) - 72.1%
• Percent of all New Yorkers with at least one vaccine dose - 81.3%
• Percent of all New Yorkers with completed vaccine series - 73.5%
• Percent of all New Yorkers with at least one vaccine dose (CDC) - 89.3%
• Percent of all New Yorkers with completed vaccine series (CDC) - 75.9%

Each New York City borough's 7-day average percentage of positive test results reported over the last three days is as follows:

BOROUGH	Friday, March 11, 2022	Saturday, March 12, 2022	Sunday, March 13, 2022
Bronx	0.48%	0.49%	0.49%
Kings	0.92%	0.96%	0.99%
New York	1.31%	1.35%	1.33%
Queens	0.76%	0.79%	0.79%
Richmond	1.00%	1.06%	0.99%