By September 1st, the majority of New Yorkers found smoking in public to receive criminal summonses which will help reduce marijuana arrests by about 10,000 per year
Mayor Bill de Blasio and Police Commissioner James P. O’Neill today announced a new policy to reduce unnecessary marijuana arrests. By September 1st, 2018, the majority of New Yorkers found smoking marijuana in public will face criminal summonses instead of arrest– continuing a significant shift in overall marijuana enforcement to better balance fairness with public safety and quality of life concerns. The change is the result of the final report and recommendations produced by the 30-Day Working Group on Marijuana Enforcement that convened in May, and according to NYPD projections, will likely reduce overall marijuana arrests in New York City by about 10,000 per year based on 2017 arrest records and patterns.
New Yorkers will still be subject to arrest if they are on probation or parole, if they have existing criminal warrants, don’t have identification, have a recent documented history of violence, or their smoking poses an immediate public safety risk—such as while driving a car. The new policy builds on previous efforts by Mayor de Blasio and the NYPD to strike a balance on marijuana enforcement between fairness and safety. In 2017, the NYPD made 64 percent fewer arrests for possession from 2010, going from 53,000 to 19,000 arrests. Of these arrests, 50,000 were for smoking in public in 2010 compared to less than 17,000 in 2017.
“Nobody’s destiny should hinge on a minor non-violent offense,” said Mayor Bill de Blasio. “Neighborhood policing has helped to bring officers and community together, but we still have more work to do to right the wrongs in the criminal justice system. This new policy will help reduce unnecessary arrests, while making our City fairer and safer.”
“We know that it is not productive to arrest people who have no prior criminal history,” said Police Commissioner James O’Neill. “In fact, it hampers our efforts to build trust and strengthen relationships with the people we serve, and it does nothing to further the NYPD’s mission of ridding our streets of those responsible for violence and disorder. Issuing summonses for marijuana offenses that do not directly affect public safety will allow our officers to do their jobs effectively and safely, and in a way that always promotes public safety and quality of life for all New Yorkers.”
Elizabeth Glazer, Director of the Mayor’s Office of Criminal Justice, said. “Today is a significant step forward in our work to make New York the fairest city in the country. We have record low crime rates at the same time we have the lowest incarceration rate of any large city in the country. And while it is extremely rare for people to go to jail for possessing marijuana, any touch from the criminal justice system should be proportionate to the activity involved and the shared goal of public safety. This new policy will lighten the touch and continue our work with New Yorkers to keep this the safest and fairest city.”
The policy change was the product of the 30-Day Marijuana Working Group, initiated by Mayor de Blasio and conducted by the NYPD. The overarching objectives of the Working Group were to identify why differences in arrest rates exist; ensure that NYPD enforcement practices are consistent with the values of trust and community engagement at the foundation of Neighborhood Policing; determine ways to reduce arrests for marijuana offenses if and when those arrests do not impact public safety or reduce quality of life; and review overall marijuana enforcement to ensure it is implemented fairly while also promoting public safety and quality of life for all New Yorkers.
The Working Group gathered insight, analysis and input from the five district attorneys, public defenders, the speaker of the City Council, community groups, scholars, drug policy advocates, tenant organizations, faith leaders, Business Improvement Districts, national organizations, community councils, police unions, and young adults impacted by these policies.
The Working Group found that most New Yorkers believe public smoking of marijuana was a public nuisance that should be curtailed; however, the consensus favored summonses in lieu of arrest if public safety and quality of life were unaffected. Currently, about 40 percent of people arrested for smoking marijuana had no prior arrest history. The change in policy has the potential to help thousands of younger New Yorkers with no record avoid the burden of an arrest.
In 2017, New York City received nearly 52,000 complaints from the public about the public smoking of marijuana, and addressing these complaints is important in order to protect the livability of City neighborhoods. Even in those states and jurisdictions where recreational use is now legal it remains illegal to smoke marijuana in public. While New York State law makes possession and smoking of small amounts of marijuana a misdemeanor, New York City police officers have discretion on how to exercise their enforcement powers.
Patrol Officers will receive guidance on how to implement this new policy thorough the summer. In the future, if unusually high arrest rates occur, the Police Department should conduct additional analysis to ensure that the enforcement levels are appropriate. Tracking arrest trends is an important aspect of these recommendations. The City will also issue quarterly reports on arrests and criminal summonses for marijuana possession by race and borough.
Beyond the enforcement policy announced today, New York City is also convening a separate Mayoral Task Force to determine the appropriate regulatory framework and identify the public safety, health and financial consequences should the State move forward with legalization. A report is expected by 2019. The work will be coordinated by the Mayor’s Office of Criminal Justice and composition will include the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, the NYPD, the Law Department, Department of Education and others.
Brooklyn District Attorney Eric Gonzalez said, "I applaud the Mayor and the Police Commissioner for adopting a policy to stop making arrests in the vast majority of marijuana cases, which is the approach I have been calling for and a step in the right direction. As we take this important step, we cannot forget those who have convictions on their record based on this conduct that we no longer prosecute, and so my Office will be vacating and sealing past marijuana convictions for thousands of people in Brooklyn. We must bring a sense of fairness to the past at the same time that we implement these new enforcement policies in the present. "
